In adults, PA readings are only 0.18☌ lower than readings from blood returning from the brain in the high internal jugular vein ( 1). Pulmonary artery (PA): This site is vascular, and it is anatomically relatively close to the hypothalamus.
The following sites have been used in studies of body temperature measurement in children: Therefore, it is difficult to choose a body site to use as the reference standard for comparing readings obtained by different instruments or at different sites. Contrary to popular dogma, this gradient is not constant (ie, rectal temperature is not reliably 1☌ higher than axillary temperature). However, there is a gradient between every body site where temperature can be measured and the hypothalamus. The goal of measuring body temperature is to approximate the core temperature, which is the temperature of the blood that bathes the temperature-regulating centre in the hypothalamus. In the 21st century, we still struggle to find a quick and convenient method that parents and health care workers can use to measure body temperature accurately. Many decisions regarding the investigation and treatment of paediatric patients are determined by body temperature.
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